Hábitos de alimentación en pacientes atendidos en un servicio de salud mental / Food habits in patients attended in a mental health service

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer los hábitos de alimentación de la población adulta que consulta en un Servicio de Salud Mental, así como establecer relaciones entre los hábitos alimentarios y las variables clínicas, sociodemográficas, relacionales y el grado de satisfacción con la propia pauta alimenticia, peso e imagen corporal. Para ello se empleó un diseño observacional con una muestra de 175 pacientes (siendo un 39,7% casos nuevos) que consultan en el C.S.M. de Parla entre febrero y junio de 2009, siendo 29,1% varones y 70,9% mujeres. Se administró un protocolo de recogida de datos heteroaplicado. La distribución agrupada de los diagnósticos fue: 25,7% trastornos afectivos, 18,9% trastornos neuróticos, 28,6% trastornos reactivos, 8% trastornos de personalidad, 9,1% trastornos psicóticos, 4% trastornos alimentarios y el 5,7% restante otros diagnósticos. La variedad de la ingesta resulta incompleta (media de platos en la comida: 1,83, D.T.: 0,66; media de platos en la cena: 1,44, D.T.: 0,64). Encontramos una correlación significativa y positiva (p<0,01) en la preferencia de determinados alimentos (verduras, fruta, legumbres, pescado, por un lado; y pasta, carne, fiambres, por otro). El IMC medio fue 25,48 (D.T.: 4,93). Se encontraron diferencias significativas (χ2:31,94; p=0,004) en cuanto a la satisfacción con la propia imagen en función del diagnóstico, están más insatisfechos los trastornos alimentarios (71,4% poco satisfechos), de personalidad (64,3%) y neuróticos (42,4%). De estos datos concluimos que existen deficiencias en la organización, cantidad y calidad de los hábitos alimentarios de los pacientes, a cuya mejora seria necesario prestar atención (AU)

This work aims to study nourishment habits of adult population who consults in a Mental Health Service, as well as establish relations among food habits and clinical and demographic variables and the satisfaction level to the own nourishing pattern, weight and body image. For it we used a observation design with a sample of 175 patients (being 39,7 % new cases) that consult in the Mental Health Center of Parla between February and June 2009, being 29,1 % males and 70,9 % women. We used a heteroapplied proctocol for data collection. The grouped distribution of diagnoses was: 25,7 % affective disorders, 18,9 % neurotic disorders, 28,6 % adaptative disorders, 8% personality disorders, 9,1 % psychotic disorders, 4 % eating disorders and 5,7 % remaining other diagnoses. The variety of food turned out to be incomplete (average of plates in the food: 1,83, S.D.: 0,66; average of plates in the dinner: 1,44, S.D.: 0,64). We found a significant and positive correlation (p < 0,01) in the preference of certain food (vegetables, fruit, vegetables, fish, on the one hand; and noodles, meat, cold cuts, for other one). The average CMI was 25,48 (D.T.: 4,93). We found significant differences ((χ2:31,94; p=0,004) as for the satisfaction with the own image depending on the diagnosis, being the eating disorders the most unsatisfied group (71,4% slightly satisfied), followed by personality disorders (64,3 %) and neurotic disorders (42,4 %). We conclude that exist deficiencies in the organization, quantity and quality of the food habits of the patients, so it would be necessary to give more attention for its improvement (AU)

[Fasting-diet therapy of elderly patients with borderline mental disorders]. / Razgruzochno-dieticheskaia terapiia bol'nykh pozhilogo vozrasta s psikhicheskimi narusheniiami pogranichnogo urovnia.

During the fasting dietetic therapy (FDT), 89 patients aged 46 to 75 years with mental disorders of nonpsychotic character (neurosis-like, neurotic and affective) were examined. The time-course of changes in the clinical status of patients with cerebral atherosclerosis, essential hypertension, slow-progredient schizophrenia, cyclothymia and manic-depressive psychosis, neuroses and lingering neurotic reactions during the FDT is described. The beneficial results in the form of considerable improvement and improvement of the mental status were attained in 83.2% of the patients. The elderly patients were found to tolerate FDT well. Side effects and somatic complications were recorded in 6 patients and were not serious. Based on the data obtained the FDT can be recommended for use on a wider basis in the management of elderly patients with borderline mental disorders.